84 research outputs found
Micro-Insertion and -Deletion Rates
<div><p>Promoter rates calculated as insertion (blue) and deletion (red) events per
nucleotide in 100-bp consecutive windows (<i>x-</i>axis). Error bars show
95% confidence intervals; solid horizontal lines show rates calculated from AR
alignments. Vertical grey line indicates the +1 TSS position.</p>
<p>(A) Human rates based on alignments between human, chimpanzee, and macaque; rates
shown are derived only from the human terminal branch (see <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020030#s3" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>).</p>
<p>(B) Mouse terminal branch rates based on comparisons between mouse, rat, and dog.</p></div
Genomic Expression Patterns for Chromosome 11 in Muscle and Chromosome 7 in Prostate Gland
<p>Expression pattern of Chromosome 11 in muscle, bases 66,783,001 to
66,932,000 (above), and Chromosome 7 in prostate gland, bases 17,036,001
to 17,210,000 (below). The upward and downward bars from N indicate the
expression levels of the forward and reverse strands at the block,
respectively. The genomic positional expression patterns of the two
regions showed high similarity.</p
Patterns of Evolution in Promoter Subcategories
<div><p>(A) The percentage of all mouse TSSs assigned to each category. Dark blue shows the
percentage assigned to the category annotated to the left, and light blue the
reciprocal category (e.g., non-CpG is the reciprocal of CpG). The colour coding is
consistent with (B–E). The “map” category refers to whether the TSS could be mapped to
the annotated 5′-most end of a known protein-coding gene (dark blue), could not mapped
to a gene (light blue), or maps internally to an annotated gene extent (grey). See
<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020030#s3" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> for details of category
assignment.</p>
<p>(B–E) Single nucleotide resolution estimates of substitution rates calculated from
promoters assigned to the indicated categories. Only rates calculated from mouse–dog
comparisons are shown. The 95% confidence intervals have been excluded for clarity.
Red horizontal lines show <i>K</i> for ARs, nucleotide position is shown on
the <i>x-</i>axis relative to the TSS at +1 (grey vertical line), and
<i>K</i> is shown on the <i>y-</i>axis. Although there are three
categories indicated for gene mapping in (A), only two are shown for clarity.</p></div
Comparison of the Expression Patterns between Somatosensory Cortex and Liver
<p>The upper panel shows the expression pattern on Chromosome 19, bases
28,000,001 to 28,500,000, in somatosensory cortex. The lower panel shows
the expression pattern of the same region in liver. The two ellipses
show the expression patterns of the regions encoding the
<i>Slc1a1</i> gene and <i>mmu-mir-101b</i> miRNA
(embedded in the intron of <i>Rcl1</i>). C, comparatively
expressed; N, not expressed; S, strongly expressed; W, weakly
expressed.</p
Genomic Expression Pattern and Sequence Similarity for Chromosome 11 in Muscle and Chromosome 7 in Prostate Gland
<p>Sequence similarity is shown for the same regions as in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020044#pgen-0020044-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>. Expression
patterns for Chromosome 11 in muscle and Chromosome 7 in prostate gland
are shown at the right and at the top, respectively. The dot matrix
shows the low sequence similarity of the two regions.</p
High-Resolution Pairwise Substitution Rate Estimates <i>(K)</i> across Promoter Region Alignments
<div><p>The <i>x-</i>axis denotes nucleotide position relative to the TSS reference
position at +1 (grey vertical line). Error bars (lighter shading) show 95% confidence
intervals for each data point.</p>
<p>(A) Rates calculated from mouse-based alignments.</p>
<p>(B) Rates calculated from human-based alignments.</p></div
Genomic Expression Pattern for Chromosome 5, Bases 134,880,800 to 134,943,900, in Macrophage
<p>This region on Chromosome 5 shows similarity of expression pattern
between the forward (TU 81377; <i>Perq1</i>) and reverse
strands (TU 151094; <i>Gnb2</i>). The region from base
134,908,626 to base 134,893,818 (“known S-AS”) was reported by SADB as
an overlapping region of sense–antisense transcription.</p
The Distribution of Observed Scores and the Extreme Value Distribution
<p>The bars show the distribution of observed scores, and the line indicates
an extreme value distribution. The horizontal axis shows the score, and
the vertical axis shows the frequency of the score.</p
Dependency of the Frequency of Alternative Splicing at NAGNAG Sites on the Relative Likelihood of the Two Putative Acceptor Sites
<p>The figure shows the fraction of all NAGNAG boundaries that splice only at the first NAG (red), only at the second NAG (green), or at both NAGs (blue) as a function of the log-likelihood difference of the first and second putative splice sites for the acceptor site WM.</p
Proportion of Putative Donor (GT) and Acceptor (AG) Splice Sites That Are Located In-Frame Relative to the Splice Sites in CDS, UTR, and Noncoding Regions
<p>This figure shows the fraction of AG dinucleotides that occur at distance that is a multiple of three in the first 100 intronic bases upstream of acceptor (3′) splice sites of exons that show splice variation at their acceptor sites, and the fraction of GT dinucleotides that occur at a distance that is a multiple of three in the first 100 intronic bases downstream of donor (5′) splice sites of exons that show splice variations at their donor sites. Occurrences of AG or GT within the first four bases flanking the splice sites were not counted. The estimated fraction is in the middle of the gray bar, with the gray bar indicating two standard errors. The dashed line shows the fraction 1/3 that would be expected by chance.</p
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